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1.
Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal ; (24): 973-978, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-857664

ABSTRACT

Due to the complex of the ocular structure, the treatment of the posterior eye segment neovascular diseases has been a hot and difficult point in the field of ophthalmic disease and correspongding drug research. The clinical treatment methods for this kind of diseases, such as intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs, are usually costly and have potential side-effects. Researchers have explored a series of treatment methods with better patient compliance, higher drug concentration in the posterior eye segment and better therapeutic effect. In order to research and develop the ideal drugs for the treatment of the posterior eye segment neovascular diseases, we review the main challenges and the advances in drug delivery for the treatment of this kind of diseases in this paper.

2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(1): 6-11, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973873

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Obesity is associated with eye diseases, but the underlying structural changes and pathogenic mechanisms have not been examined in detail. Here, we assessed the effects of morbid obesity on the morphometric indices of eye disease. Methods: Morbidly obese volunteers (n=101, body mass index [BMI] ³40) and healthy individuals (n=95, BMI: 18.50-24.99) were examined by Goldman applanation tonometry, pachymetry, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, axial length, central corneal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, central foveal thickness, and choroidal thickness were compared between groups. Results: Uncorrected intraocular pressure was significantly greater in the morbidly obese group than in the healthy control group (15.5 ± 2.5 vs. 14.5 ± 2.6 mmHg, p=0.009), whereas axial length, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness did not differ between the groups. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness at the temporal quadrant was reduced in the morbidly obese group (72.7 ± 13.6 vs. 85.05 ± 52.6 mm, p=0.024). Similarly, the mean retinal thicknesses at nasal and temporal 1500-mm locations were lower in the morbidly obese group (346.6 ± 18.2 vs. 353.7 ± 18.8 mm, p=0.008; 323.1 ± 20.3 vs. 330.0 ± 18.9 mm, p=0.001). The mean choroidal thickness was also reduced in almost all measurement locations (fovea, temporal 500 and 1000 mm, and nasal 500, 1000, and 1500 mm) of the obese group (p<0.05). Weight and BMI were negatively correlated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (r=-0.186, p=0.009; r=-0.173, p=0.015). Conclusion: Morbid obesity is associated with elevated uncorrected intraocular pressure and signs of neuropathy and retinopathy. Obesity may thus increase the risks of glaucoma and glaucomatous optic neuropathy.


RESUMO Objetivo: A obesidade está associada a doenças oulares, mas as mudanças estruturais subjacentes e os mecanismos patogênicos não foram examinados detalhadamente. Aqui avaliamos os efeitos da obesidade mórbida nos índices morfométricos da doença ocular. Métodos: Voluntários obesos mórbidos (n=101, índice de massa corporal ³40) e indivíduos saudáveis (n=95, índice de massa corporal 18,50 a 24,99) foram examinados por tonometria de aplanação de Goldman, paquimetria e tomografia de coerência óptica de domício espectral. A pressão intraocular, profundidade da câmara anterior, comprimento axial, espessura central da córnea, espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina, espessura foveal central e espessura da coroide foram comparadas entre os grupos. Resultados: A pressão intraocular não corrigida foi significativamente maior no grupo com obesidade mórbida do que no grupo controle saudável (15,5 ± 2,5 vs. 14,5 ± 2,6 mmHg, p=0,009), enquanto que o comprimento axial, profundidade da câmara anterior e espessura central da córnea não diferiram entre os grupos. A espessura média da camada de fibras nervosas da retina no quadrante temporal foi reduzida no grupo com obesidade mórbida (72,7 ± 13,6 vs. 85,05 ± 52,6 mm, p=0,024). Da mesma forma, a média das espesuras da retinianas nas localizações nasal e temporal de 1500 m foi menor no grupo com obesidade mórbida (346,6 ± 18,2 mm vs. 353,7 ± 18,8 mm, p=0,008; 323,1 ± 20,3 mm vs. 330,0 ± 18,9 mm, p=0,001). A espessura média da coroide também foi reduzida em quase todos os locais de mensuração (fóvea, temporal 500 e 1000 mm, nasal 500, 1000 e 1500 mm) do grupo obeso (p<0,05). Peso e índice de massa corporal foram negativamente correlacionados com a espessura da coroide subfoveal (r=-0,186, p=0,009; r=-0,173, p=0,015). Conclusão: A obesidade mórbida está associada à elevada pressão intraocular não corrigida e a sinais de neuropatia e retinopatia. A obesidade pode, assim, aumentar os riscos de glaucoma e neuropatia óptica glaucomatosa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Choroid Diseases/etiology , Retina/pathology , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Choroid Diseases/physiopathology , Glaucoma/etiology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Choroid/pathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Corneal Pachymetry/methods , Intraocular Pressure
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(1): 38-42, jan.-fev. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899112

ABSTRACT

Resumo Esclerite posterior é uma doença inflamatória ocular que acomete a esclera e cujo diagnóstico é difícil. A clínica da doença envolve a piora da qualidade visual com dor ocular e achados do segmento posterior, como descolamento de retina seroso, dobras de coroide, edema de disco óptico e espessamento escleral. Deve-se ficar atento aos achados sistêmicos, pois, muitas vezes, está associada a doenças como artrite reumatoide, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, doença inflamatória intestinal e doenças infecciosas, como sífilis e tuberculose. Este trabalho objetiva descrever dois casos: uma paciente com quadro de esclerite posterior bilateral simultânea, sem alterações sistêmicas correlacionadas com a doença. A apresentação bilateral é incomum nesta patologia; e outro caso de esclerite anterior e posterior unilateral recorrente.


Abstract Posterior scleritis is an ocular inflammatory disease that affects the sclera e whose diagnosis is difficult. The main clinical manifestations are worsening of visual quality, ocular pain and finding in the posterior segment, such as serous retinal detachment, choroidal folds, optic disc edema and sclera thickening. We should award for systemic findings, because it is often accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and infections, such as syphilis and tuberculosis.This paper aims to describe two cases: one patient with simultaneous bilateral posterior scleritis without systemic alterations correlated with the disease. Bilateral presentation is uncommon in this pathology; and another case of recurrent unilateral anterior and posterior scleritis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Scleritis/diagnosis , Posterior Eye Segment/pathology , Ophthalmoscopy , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Recurrence , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Visual Acuity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Scleritis/drug therapy , Ultrasonography , Pulse Therapy, Drug , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi , Intraocular Pressure
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(1): 34-37, jan.-fev. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899102

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: O tratamento com anti-angiogêncios é uma das modalidades mais utilizadas em patologias relacionadas ao edema macular. A injeção intravítrea de um inibidor do VEGF-A tem alta efetividade, porém está relacionada com efeitos adversos, como o aumento da pressão intraocular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variação da pressão intraocular (PIO) em pacientes que se submeteram a injeções intravítreas de ranibizumabe, a variação de acordo com facia e com história de injeções prévias. Métodos: Este foi um estudo um estu-do observacional transversal. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos a injeções intravítreas com diagnóstico de degeneração macular relacionada à idade exsudativa, oclusão de veia central da retina com edema macular, ou edema macular diabético. A pressão intraocular foi aferida antes da injeção, imediatamente após e 30 minutos após a injeção com tonômetro portátil. Resultados Foram realizadas 143 injeções intravítreas, restando para a análise 96 injeções realizadas em 55 participantes. A comparação entre a PIO antes e 30 minutos após a injeção intravítrea mostrou-se estatisticamente significativa com PIO final maior que a inicial (p<0,0001) em pacientes com edema macular diabético. Pacientes fácicos e afácicos não mostraram diferenças significativas com relação a variação da PIO. Quando analisados apenas os participantes que haviam recebido injeções prévias, não foi encontrado uma variação significativa. Conclusão: Concluímos neste estudo que existe uma diferença significativa entre a pressão intraocular antes e 30 minutos após a injeção intravítrea de ranibizumabe em pacientes com edema macular diabético, mos-trando que esse período de tempo não foi suficiente para a regressão da PIO ao valor pré-injeção. Não encontramos diferenças significativas entre outros grupos, comparação entre fácicos e afácicos, nem em pacientes que haviam recebido injeções prévias.


Abstract Objective: Treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs is one of the most widely used modalities of treatment of macular edema related conditions. Intravitreal injection of a VEGF-A inhibitor is highly effective, but is related to adverse effects such as increased intraocular pressure. The objective of this study was to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) variation in patients who underwent intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, variation according to phakic/aphakic and history of previous injections. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. All patients submitted to intravitreal injections with diagnosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration, retinal central vein occlusion with macular ede-ma, or diabetic macular edema were included. The IOP was measured before the injection, immediately after and 30 minutes after the injection with a portable tonometer. Results: 143 intravitreal injections were performed, with 96 injec-tions performed in 55 participants. The comparison between IOP before and 30 minutes after intravitreal injection showed to be statistically significant with higher than initial IOP (p <0.0001) in patients with diabetic macular edema. Phakic and aphakic patients did not show significant differences regarding IOP variation. When only those participants who had received previous injections were analyzed, no significant variation was found. Conclusion: We conclude in this study that there is a significant difference between intraocular pressure before and 30 minutes after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema, showing that this period of time was not sufficient for regression of IOP at the pre-injection value . We did not find significant differences between other groups, comparing phakic and aphakic patients, nor in patients who had received previous injections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Ocular Hypertension/chemically induced , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Intravitreal Injections/methods , Ranibizumab/pharmacology , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Tonometry, Ocular/instrumentation , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Retinal Vein Occlusion/drug therapy , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Ranibizumab/adverse effects , Ranibizumab/therapeutic use , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy
5.
Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases ; (6): 213-217, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-515370

ABSTRACT

The human sclera accounts for 95% of the surface of the eyeball,providing ample contact area which is suitable for targeted trans-scleral ocular drug delivery.Currently there are several tans-scleral sustained-release strategies,including intra-scleral delivery,episcleral delivery,as well as tans-scleral iontophoresis.Different devices and methods have their own advantages and disadvantages,for example,intrascleral delivery is somehow invasive,and episcleral delivery device needs to be made thin to prevent erosion of conjunctiva,iontophoresis needs to be frequently repeated as of its short-term effect.With the development of bio-material engineering technology,episcleral microfilm could become an ideal drug delivery route for posterior segment ocular diseases.

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